In Case Study #3, the shipper had chosen a carrier whose fuel surcharge was lower than all of the other bidding carriers, realizing this snapshot in time was not necessarily reflective of an extended time period.
In Case Study #1, an audit demonstrated some significant disparity between the fuel surcharges being applied to a shipper over the course of the year.
In Case Study #2, the shipper had proudly negotiated rates to include the fuel surcharge, not realizing that it cost him more in the long run.